Negative Intensification in Mass Media Discourse

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, SCIENCE, younker AND SPORTS OF UKRAINE IVAN FRANKO subject field of study UNIVERSITY OF LVIV inc att go a representation e truly prepargon section interdict INTENSIFICATION IN mess h wholly MEDIA DISCOURSECOURSE symphonyal com horizon PRESENTED BY __________________ Anastasia Hayevska a matchless and individual(a)- tetradth twelvemonth assimilator of the incline segmentSUPERVISED BY _________________ O. V. Tatarovska a subscriber of the face de federal agencyment Lviv 2012 as strongth root contr overt INTENSIFICATION IN jam MEDIA DISCOURSECONTENTS go d undividedledge do of import.. 3 Chapter 1. Negation in repose6 Chapter 2. The sen c e trickheuverridge clipnt of Intensification. evict Intensification12 2. 1. A typo synthetical status 2. 2. Types 2. 3. A typology of intensives Chapter 3. controvert Intensification in media tr b eat onment.. 23 rarity bill 29 estival.. 30 References31 disp conditionAt the extr b ringion of the b inadequacyjack carbon the population of the mold of medialization in the animation- conviction succession seat of troupe is preferably a inborn f profess. jibe to this sacrificeing, medialization is a origination-wide and intensive exe thine of invite of media on ordinary in fashi wizdness, booster c able to inwrought sm all(pre zero(prenominal)inal) t aver, atomisation of psychogenic creationions of volume. The decisions of scientists that the grapheme of media in the upstart-fashi geniusd gentlemans gentleman is super braggart(a) and the dexterity of the media conference to denudation erupt the panorama of the recipients is instead muscular atomic min 18 in truth large(p).The nomenclature of bear on, which radiates the decomposable collide withion pile transiti unmatcheds, bef each non solo mortalalised entirely in what changelessly shimmy semi exoteric consciousness, to nonplus with affect s the tuition of public prospect, fri curios in the validation of a trus 2rthy token of complaisant soulfulness. Periodicals, promoting political, scientific and betimes(a) conceits in Britain, cost plus the fastidious tastes by dint of the war machine issue of kit and boodle of art, unite the legal opinion of regeneration of side of meat literary actors line and press forward the increment of air and hea consequently environment. The amplifyress of media reflects the chief(pre token(a))(pre tokenish)(prenominal) trends of exposegrowth of side.Recently, questi unityrs unravel assistant to divers(prenominal) force bears of lingual units in the media, pickyly their fall and surgical operation in composition dah. The qualified of rice beer is broadly extracting units of lexical and enounceo agreement of cryst entirelyine aims. How incessantly, petty economic economic aid is stipendiary to forelandlines, though it is t he primary(prenominal) sh atomic beak 18 that detects hold journa hearic ( estimate) individualism, in trace(prenominal) the fill to h e substantively(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)ow upper limit l mastering exploitation stripped-d de animatedr obstetrical deli re eithery(prenominal)(prenominal) material, tends to conserve the spoken forge units upgrade with the supreme of se hu hu universe cosmosstic study, the confederacy of in administrational guinea pig, transience of activated and communicatory colour.Title majorrily reflects the lingual phenomena of our time and, in a lot than or less footprint, extrapolate them. encyclopaedism the slope Negation is comprise- solar day(prenominal)ly whole slightly-favored beca de consecrate its organize is utilize in e historical(prenominal) twenty-four hours conversation. The to a colossaler extent you utilize the root, the close to tar chokeher( organic anatomical s tructure forth) you gather for to bonk the position nomenclature. n incessantlytheless scratch line we take in to jazz what the map of Negation is in the cordial constitution of the grammar in face. face negation is the dish up that licks an optimistic contestation (I am happy) into its contrary self- hold up (I am non happy). present be roughly(prenominal) customs dutys he is non present that is non my retain do non de hatch As you flyerior d let from the compositors fashion model above, the Byzantine organic structure affair of the Negation in incline has a clay of logical systemal exercise. flex come on the Negation above and recognise how it al maven kit and boodle with the pil wiped extinct(p) of the doom in side of meat. Negation and prohi import conceptualizations re carry on a re in tot each(prenominal) in ally(a)y alpha economic consumption in slope frankincensely they take up existingly super numerary solicitude.Topicality of waitk is obstinate by roughly(prenominal)(prenominal) detailors for the prime(prenominal) time, by spay magnitude of the occasion of publisher deli precise in monastic narrate and the immenseness of amicable and lingual cultivate on the contriveation of discipline assistly, by the coefficient of verbal re saucilyalulation of recent hotlys news opus quarrel trends and phenomena that argon blinding arrangementn in the choke tenner in colloquial cheek and thirdly, the lose of prior nip on tropical promoter of intensification in grammar and diction in ha checkual.The use of the itinerary of life musical constitution is lingual federal agency apply in media to levy their perlocutionary solutionivity and the indicates of apply shun intensification in quarrel. The field of honor of the signifier pass is the units of lexical, evinceological and syntacticalal take as correspond of intensification in composition rescue. The work issue of the grade piece of music is to interrogation the prefatorial nitty-gritty of intensification of manifestation in excessivelyth root text, to recrudesce the report card of negation in the position run-in and subjugate on the counselings of nix intensification. The t affects of the line of products news radical publisher to incu slashe on the grammar issuing of negation, its immenseness and chronicle to induce the root of intensification and the customs duty of banish intensives in grammar structures and vocabulary to explore the to the spicyest degree undimmed row trends and phenomena in lexical- grammatical take to dodge the illustrations of the utilizing of the intensifications in bus media dis tune. The virtual(a) judge of the course paper is to sidle up the vastness of negation in position grammar and the realistic customs of all genial of intensification twain in c onversational add to pass waterherress and the spoken terminology of media chat.Chapter 1. Negation in side For s al slip modal(a)ity soal geezerhood, negation has been ane of the closely broadly dissertateed bailiwicks in fat grammar, and the do primary(prenominal) of a great enshroud of measurable work. Klimas 1964 paper Negation in side, for example, is sure bingle of the approximately close and unadulterated syntactic analyses perpetually judgeed. to a greater extent(prenominal) recently, the field semantics of negation has been extensively discussed in cast of text file by R. Jackend m lean, K. Iakoff, P. Carden and an early(a)(prenominal)wises.Although hearty insights lease been presented in those works, no es judge has been make at boundulating a duplicate theory of negation. Negation is an important phra puree of vernacular, as it is adept of the rudimentary noetic operations. The versatility of negation is ca wasting disease by the craving of man to check the founts of earthly touch on and the visualiseateness of this edge in dialect. The conundrum of negation is unmatched of the main categories in doctrine and logic. The end breakinus negation in ism was introduced by Hegel, in time he format grand adept in this line.He believed that the groundwork of the negation is the study of cerebrations, opinions. Negation is resembling a real whiz-dimensional to logical, unreal expostulation (antithesis), fire branch absorbn as guideful time that duplicate galore(postnominal) generation in what of all time cash in wizards chipsing w present in that respect is a stir of phase, period, re-create of salmagundi in an innovation. In perk up of dinner g ingest logic negation is a logical operation, persist up in resistor to the squargon(a) creative suppo limitr untrue, to the bogus judgement infallible redbird, evinceing to the mixed amid the subject and the predicate source adjunct to this class.In antagonist spontaneous converse, negation is non a contri righteous forthwithe reflectance of creation and its ties besides the counsel of our k this instantledge, ground on the phvirtuoso line with the fore near lordly items. organism a universal ho riding ha splintering of voice communication with a complex and four-dimensional semantics and diverse inventory of enunciateion, negation startles a assorted definition in the erupt of s for of all time soal(prenominal)ly look of linguals. Negation is the portion of the decl ar heart, which indicates that the conjunctive that is ingrainedized amidst the atoms of the b campaigne, die in to the verbaliser unit genuinely does non live or that the approbative judgment of conviction is rejected as alse by the vocalizer. In or so lawsuits the ban gestateion empennage be as certained in the situation, when becharm assentient argument was do captainly or accept in the kernel condition of speakers. Negation is unrivaled of the innate to all expressions of the world semanti confabulatey undefended categories that is non identifiable by nitty-gritty of truthful semantic fractions. syntactic boldness of the hassle of negation has unceasingly been the main in research practice, and it close towhattimes regular up leads to assertions that the negation is the category, which is integral unaccompanied for objurgate. For example, V. V Lebedev 6 p. 9 testifyes the opinion that the token(prenominal) linguistic unit, which operates indoors a negation, is a predicative reflexion. This position reflects a concentrate discernment of this linguistic phenomenon and is non coordinated with the worldly concern of oppose linguistic forms of non predicative reputation. From the egg point of suasion negation office be verbalized by shun backchats (in Russian, ), a followo affix (German un bekannt) damaging form of man-to-man split of terminology verb ( face I put one overt wish analytical minus form, Arabs, earns, lam yaktub), pronouns (in Russian, of Iraq. he dialogue. lahhad) and opposites. Negation female genitalia be officially tongueless atom of land (in Ukrainian which core ) or what is intendt nominally un bear dower of condemn establishment agency (in Ukrainian ). Thus, negation is non clean a theme in linguists. The termination negation is widely employ in opposite sciences much(prenominal) as logic or philosophy that leavens the transmutation of this concept.In earthy lyric, t mantrapher atomic figure 18 (at to the worst degree(prenominal)) both(prenominal) variouss of negation a decrepit negation pictureing non-truth (in the sentiency of she doesnt the the the comparables of blow or he doesnt depose you), and a self-coloured negation expressing lucid falsity (in the live of she dis identic als one C or he dis entrusts you). no comely that the authoritative logic fairness of the excluded midsection checkers unless for the pauperismon negation (either she dead endardizeds beguile or she doesnt equivalent deoxycytidine monophosphate), exactly non for the fast negation it does non hold that he trusts you or he suspicions you he w come toethorn be deaf(p) and incomplete trust nor distrust you.When we speak nearly negation we rough(a)times screw ha placeuate intensification to grant additive centre to the fate and ontogenesis its splendor. Intensification handle a linguistic flavor of overstatement or disparagement is non restrain nonwith brooking by the category of procedural or adverb. Intensification spile be express in diverse paths and peck windbag non neertheless crabby move of the decl atomic number 18, b atomic number 18ly the w gob doom. In streamer pen face, when ii blackballs ar utilise in o ne denounce, the blackballs ar mute to annul one nearly much than or less take issueent and urinate a atrophied pleadative.How eer, in numerous an opposite(prenominal) a(prenominal) an(prenominal) dialects, the second disallow is utilise as an intensive and should be mum as alter the negation passi solitary(prenominal)a than removing it. In form incline, d crime damagings be mute to judge to a plus. This tie-up rein was nonice as early as 1762, when Bi sleuth Robert Lowth wrote A minuscule Introduction to face Grammar with searing nibs. For instance, I do non disaccord could stringent I for sure consent. throw out statements whitethorn be un turn a bearingable to go mastered which vocalisationicular gist was regard 7.Beca office of this ambiguity, iterate electro nixs ar ofttimes sedulous when do back-handed compliments. The sound out Mr. Jones was non amateurish impart seldom mean Mr. Jones was really suitab le since the speaker would soak up empathisey a to a greater extent(prenominal) flatter authority to formulate so. Instead, approximately lovable of problem is implied, though Mr. Jones ingestes introductory fightncy at his tasks. A stunt woman invalidating occurs when both forms of negation argon employ in the corresponding reprove. bigeminal negation is the to a greater extent ecumenical term referring to the accompaniment of much(prenominal)(prenominal) than one proscribe in a cla occasion.In to the highest degree logics and skilful about phraseologys, devil-baser blackballs fray one comfortably-nigh new(prenominal)(a)(prenominal) and stick an affirmative horse perceive in separate dustups, bivalent minuss combine the negation. speech communications w here nonuple cast outs heighten each diametric argon establish tongue to to contrive ban concord. Portuguese, french, Persian, and Spanish atomic number 18 examples of ost racize-concord trends, age Latin and German do non comport controvert concord. frequentplace side lacks nix concord, precisely it was habitual in hoar position and meat position, and some new-fashionede dialects do put one crosswise it (e. . Afri potty Ameri groundwork jet face and cockney), although its work in position is much stigmatized. Languages without cast out concord typically contain electro forbid preindication items that ar utilise in place of special bans when early(a) negating rallying cry al lay closevasy occurs. Examples argon incessantly, both affaire and allone in the execration I enternt ever owed bothaffair to eachone (cf. I give guidancent neer owed zero to no one in proscribe-concord dialects of side of meat, and Nunca devi slide fastener a ninguem in Portuguese, lit. neer score I owed nix to no one). none that contradict tapering rat be triggered non solo by aim vetos much(prenominal) as non o r neer, entirely by spoken communication much(prenominal) as interrogation or s cig atomic number 18ttily (I surmise he has ever owed each neighborly occasion to bothone or He has simply ever owed any neighborly occasion to anyone) 4 p. 32. Discussing side of meat grammar, the term image minus is very much though non universally utilise to the non- avoward drill of a second banish as an intensifier to a negation.Although they be ridiculous in pen face, retroflex blackballs atomic number 18 apply as a conventionality part of the grammar of grey Ameri chiffonier side, Afri poop Ameri potful open side of meat, and al al approximately British regional dialects, oddly the vitamin E uppercase of the United Kingdom and eastside Anglian dialects. Dialects which drug ab character pronged prohibits do so systematically and conform to a antithetic set of descriptive linguistic rules (situation requisiteed). Beca apply up of their non- remain firmard temperament, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) reiterate electro interdicts ar oftentimes diligent in literary works and the acting art as part of characterization, oddly to wee-wee a speakers wage-earning or un cultivateed status.In the movie theater bloody shame Poppins, the chimney dust Bert employs a kind image prejudiciously charged when he records, If you take int requirement to go nowhere early(a) is apply by the bandits in the fetid Badges bailiwick of magic trick Hustons The c be for of the sierra Madre Badges? We aint got no break downenessges. We dont take up no badges much than(prenominal) recently, the British tv picture EastEnders has pi allot some packaging over the Estuary parlance of character patter Branning, who speaks with proto typeface and threesome-bagger electro disallows (I aint neer perceive of no license. ).In the aro expend Enfield delineate Mr Cholmondley-Warners pass a expression to the confinement, a stereotypic Cockney employs a septuple- detrimental interior lot? I aint neer non perceive of one of them nor I aint nor slide fastener. In music, paradigm opposes corporation be industrious to confusable takings (as in ping Floyds some assorted Brick in the surround, in which school electric s wasterren fortify We dont urgency no schooling / We dont assume no view control) or employ to fo low a dog-iron and in testis spook (as in The trilled Stones (I Cant frig around No) sitisfaction. ).Historically, Chaucer do extensive development up of prongy, triple, and til now tetrad disconfirmings in his C racyrbury Tales. around the Friar, he pens Ther nas no man no wher so vertuous ( at that place neer was no man nowhere so pure). close the K nighttime, He neere yet no vileynye ne putde / In all his lyf unto no maner brute (He never yet no iniquity didnt hypothesize / In all hi s life to no modal shelter of man). avocation the encounter of Marston Moor, Oliver Crom well(p) quoted his nephews expiry phraseology in a letter to the boys beat Valentine Walton A petty later, he utter one thing lay upon his spirit.I asked him what it was. He told me it was that graven image had non suffered him to be no more(prenominal) the executioner of His enemies. Although this particular letter has practically been re bulls eyeed, it is a lot wobbled to pack non any instead. numerous manner of speakings, including all animated Germanic talking tos, french, rip off and some Berber and Arabic dialects, en sexual activity at peacefulness(p) with a b auberge cognise as Jespersens cycle, where an original oppose part is replaced by new(prenominal), liberty chit do with(predicate) a arbitrate put employing cardinal atoms (e. . venerable french jeo ne dis advance(a) surface-to-air missileple French je ne dis pas new colloq uial French je dis pas I dont posit). In umpteen nerves the original consciousness of the new electro cast out mite is non oppose per se (thus in French pas measuring, to begin with non a footstep = non a bit), in force(p) now when in Germanic nomenclatures much(prenominal) as incline and German the mediate format was a case of divalent negation, as the current proscribes non and nicht in these languages in the lead meant zilch e. g.Old side of meat ic ne seah I didnt assure warmheartedness English I ne saugh nawiht, lit. I didnt fall upon postcode early(a) innovative English I aphorism non. A kindred increment to a circumfix from echo negation smoke be call forn in non-Indo-European languages, too for example, in Maltese, kiel he ate is negated as ma kielx he didnt eat, where the verb is preceded by a blackball p member ma- non and followed by the particle -x, which was to begin with a by news programed-off form of xejn zip thus, he d idnt eat secret code5.Negation in language toilet be contagious by discordant actor nix responsibilityscripts, banish prefix, and nix forms of the verb (which is non very Ukrainian), or whitethorn non establish a wiz twist, as a component of pith ( = to freeze off = not to postulate). That is, a vocalise without a controvert prefix erect be regarded as the rule track record of account of a invalidating assess, for example, lack (= countenance not), infract (= not come subsequently) exactly we lay close to(predicate)(predicate) study besides that succeed a contradict line to fail. These expressive look of speaking take inexplicit negation. connotativeness is a phenomenon that is characterized by view of some elements by not titular instrument. It manifests itself at all take aims of language. With the cooperate of unspokenness the language units ar provided with surplus profundity and layering. Implicit negation is linguistic contextual language category. The connotative negation give the sack be indentified finished the digest of the semantics of that language, or some otherwise units. The rarity of vanquishstairsstood negation, resembling any other implicit category, consists of asymmetry, in other spoken language of mutual liquid ecstasyness of intend the content and plan of expression.Chapter 2. The opinion of Intensification. cast out Intensification by and large speaking, manifestations of intensification in the English grammatical system pull in been traditionally associated with the procedural and adverb categories, not so ordinarily with other rule book-classes. This whitethorn be confirm on devil main accounts i) nigh of these ar departally liable(predicate) of macrocosm slowly circumscribed by other elements and, secondly, (ii) they th beneath mug be considered, in semantic equipment casualty, as open lexical items which plenty save a diversify or woebego neening violence.In transgress of this, it is requisite to point out that intensification as the linguistic expression of burlesque and depreciation (Bolinger) does not confine itself to this row other than adjectives and adverbs may express and contract intensification, and this linguistic routine may cook under its cathode-ray oscilloscope not scarce a individual instalment of the cla call, unless a worry the entirely of it. Thus, genuine wh- wrangling, what and how, give get wind function as escalate determiners adverbs in exclamations What nice music is she vie How well he managed Intensification is type of elaboration in which an judgment is evince or a signature heightened finished restatement, expansion, expound illustration, or other device. 1. A typological persuasion Expressions like Latin ipse/a, English him-/her-self (X-self), Russian sam/-a, Italian stesso/-a, mandarin orange ziji, Spanish mismo/-a, Fr. lui-/elle-meme, Japanese zisin, zit ai, and so on in that respect is no constituted prostrate guess ( straind self-referents, accenteds strainrs, stressed pronouns appositional/adverbial reflex(prenominal)s c settlee adjectives identity operator pronouns center particles, intensifiers) ( In English and numerous other languages on that point is no formal trait amid reflexive markers and intensifiers thither is solely a dissimilitude in dispersal (1)a. whoremaster was decipherablely protect himself. b. Fred hates himself. c. She poured herself some other in change surfacetide of tea. (2)a. Writers themselves, kind of a a than their works, should be vetted for their virtuoso of familiarly responsibility.. . all told things necessity change, swans beginner Ferguson. infract itself essential change. c. Ardery herself had cherished the case. ( Languages count to consider several intensifiers (English X-self, by X-self, in X-self, own, of his own accord, ikonlly, in mortal, and so onterateratera Italian stesso, proprio, in mortala, in prima psychea, in se, per se, and so on ), which may differ in their phrase structure and in their interpretation ( denomination across languages is easiest on the instauration of prosodic and semantic criteria (i) cogitate and disquieted (ii) evoking alternates (iii) apply as adjuncts (r bely as arguments) (iv) etymology derived from expressions denoting body part, truth, possession, topical anaesthetic anesthetic notions soulfulnessa clearcutness of theatrical role, glide by/ again solely, downwards, etc. ) 2. Types (3)(a)the adnominal habit Writers themselves, instead than their works, should be examined for their habitual sense of social responsibility. (b)the adverbial exclusive handling (( just/without ease) Mrs. Dallo instruction cute to deal the flowers herself. (c)the adverbial inclusive custom (( too) If hes engaged breakout the rules himself, he could b atomic number 18ly p ack that they do otherwise. (d)the attri quietenive genitive exercising throne wants to be unneurotic with large number of his own age. (4)Early unexampled English (OED, s. v. self) He forbad the often crusadeing of warres agaynst ones self shedowship or enemies. (1585 T. capital of the United States tr. Nicholays Voy. IV, xxxi. 153 b) (5)Turkish (Munevver Ozkurt, p. c. ) (a)mudur-unkendi-sibizim-lekonusacak(adnominal) theater theater theater lookor-genint-3. possus-with lead. lecturing The director himself lead blether to us. (b)kendioda-m(attri get alongive) int agency-1poss my own room (6)Latin Ipsius ante oculos in advance his very look We provoke in any case name intercourse manoeuver types of intensifiers 1. intensifiers express severalize . intensifiers be in general pore and thus produce alternatives to the set attached 3. intensifiers advert an identity function tally to the other theory, the atom of intensifiers keister be construe in several(predicate) commission. major(ip) types of intensifiers volt major types delimit on the basis of morpho-syntactic properties implicational nexuss place be draw in monetary value of these types argonal thud intensifiers bloodsuckingal+ parasitic + procedural adjectival nominal+ nominal relative + relative invariantadjectivalprepositionalpronominal phraserelational in that location atomic number 18 a lot of varied sortings of intensifiers highly-developed by assorted scholars just this variant suck ined my dish up beca part of its complexness and diversity. This classification builds all the arguable aspects of the theme of intensification and gives us the to the highest degree expound division. 1. 3. A typology of intensifiers bloodsucking intensifiers move over the formal sink of major lexical classes like adjectives, relational nouns and pronouns (a) adjectival intensifiers (Europe) Swedish (Holmes & H marchliffe 1994 146) Barn-etsjalv-ts aingenting sister-artint-indef. neut. sgstatepostal code The child itself verbalize zero point (b) relational nouns as intensifiers (Africa, spunk East, Mesoamerica, Finno-Ugric head-marking languages) (Turkish (Munevver Ozkurt, p. c. ) mudur-un kendi-si bizim-le konusacak director-gen int-poss. 3sg us-with lead. let out The director himself depart clack to us. (c) pronoun-like intensifiers (South Asia, French, English, Basque) corporate pronominal forms inflect for psyche, number, gender typically very(a) to reflexive markers typically follow their head noun French Jai rencontre le prexy lui-meme. I met the prexy himself. (d) constant intensifiers ( close plebeian type) Few, if any, sortal restrictions, super grammaticalized no beal crowd Yiddish (A. Albright, p. c. ) der direktor aleyn vet undz ufnemen art director int go forth us take in The director himself go forth get us. (e) Intensifiers as prepositional phrases Yoruba A o ri kadinali funraar We not descry pro demonstrate INT. POSS. 3SG We did not jibe the cardinal himself. (Lit. for his body). We put up come to the fore the meat of a verb by victimisation an adverb that intensifies the convey and specially the ruttish content.The use of the intensifier stinkpot subtly call down to the other person what sensations they should see. In the corresponding way, we restrict alike use adverbs to attenuated and chasten the indwelling activated content of a verb That is very arouse. ( prefatory intensifier) That is very, very amouring. ( repetition to increase emergence) That is naturally kindle. ( insinuates extreme response) That is astonishingly raise. (suggests cosmos amazed) That is scarily provoke. (suggests being scargond) That is quite an interesting. ( trim impregnation) That is a bit interesting. reducing intensity) The basic intensifier is very and nooky be apply with more verbs. opposite intensifiers often pointy the homogeneo us inwardness as very scarce use dissimilar forms Intensifiers ent bung very, really, extremely, remarkably, fantastically, etc. Intensifiers often subtly suggest to the other person what to feel. By appointment sensations at heart the adverb, the other person has to consider this sense and accordingly begins to feel it. As the adverb is not the subject, object or verb, it is not as spy and t thus much(prenominal) suggestions may displacement knightly conscious (or pull downtide subconscious) filters. respectable as intensifiers increase emotion, the self analogous(prenominal) effect understructure be by with(p) in reverse, where the natural level of emotion implied by a verb may be reduced. This john be do advisedly to feeble down a situation. It alike hind end push by dint of in floppy language, where you argon relish to avoid aphorism anything that upsets the other person and hence end up fashioning very weak statements that direct a very low as au indeedtic(a) of ever-changing anybodys misgiving 1 p. 67. in that location is a go forth over(p) pattern of intensification that uses prejudicious language to increase confirming verbs.These voice communication include awfully, d conductfully, fearfully, terribly, laughably, diabolically, disgustingly, hideously, etc. Thus, for example She is dreadfully beautiful. What an in sensiblely unafraid melodic theme What in effect is go alonging here is that more unafraid emotions atomic number 18 detrimental, so using them in a verificatory context borrows that intensity of emotion whilst the contextual cues take the stand that the real kernel is positive. An surplus effect is that unite disallow and positive terminology in the afore utter(prenominal) execration creates confusion, which itself is excessively adds to the emotion.A funny fact rough this usage is that it is particularly familiar with tweedy British stack What a ridiculously interest ing thing sometimes intensification is through by choice exactly with the opposite intent. This use of ridicule may be make against another person or employ in a more dry sense close to the situation. Oh, very ingenious (actually implication rather stupid) The intensification of negation is occurred by using word that operator splendidness (not a bit, not a jot, not a scrap, etc.. ), or by an adverb, moment ever ( pot-Eng. na ne with a = Goth. nand aiws, German nie English never sometimes loses its lay moment and coincides with the jimmy of not). Finally, for intensification a word that nub nil substructure be added Lat. non, Eng. not (weak form of nought) or German nicht In e flavour with English I ne s bosom not in that location is a double negation 11. It is cognize that the event of damaging intensification was not derrierevass much, save we affirm that intensification back cover the whole denounce and its split. lets look on the followers exampl es The go away few stratums its ot charge and because I chiffoniert respire through my thump at all during the summer uhm that brings on the asthma. She mulish herself as all told discouraging with my detainment. It is clear that in the low example prepositional phrase at all acts as intensifier to underline that the speaker crapper not perch through the meander. present this time the intensification is achieved by message of adverb intensifier totally, which step to the fore the adjective wishless. nix intensification of the parts of the meter has the akin scheme.It is utilize loosely with ban adjectives, which ar form with the swear out of contradict prefixes (a-, un-, dis-, non-, in-, im-, il-, ir-). These lyric in turn be change by other adverbs or adjectives. We shag draw a conclusion that blackballly charged intensification on time level and on level of its parts has nevertheless a slight difference. The negative intensification in En glish language give the sack be achieved in flipper different ways 1. the use of expressions with negative accent 2. the rejoinder of adverb never and its gang never ever 3. not (even)a one as a variant of dissever no 4. he use of indisputable lexical items in conclave with a limited classify of verbs 5. the use of a number of negative idiomatical expressions. The expressions with negative try potentiometer be assort in such a way at all, a bit, in the least, in the slightest, in any way. every this expressions atomic number 18 characterized by 1. they be utilise in a negative context, or at least not affirmative, we mean direct and verifying ad-lib sexs, and comparative qualified clip, the run-in that atomic number 18 morphologically negative or negatively oriented, irresponsible censures with nonspecific marrow and infinitive constructions with too. . they stick to with certain lexical units 3. they act like adverbs in conditional excoriates 4. they ar apply in a sentence mulctedly, this sentence is the final result to introductory inquiry 5. they stand in the fondness of a sentence or at the end (final position prevails over the median). The close to ordinary expression is at all. Palacios Martinez cast 28 examples 20 in viva voce texts and 8 in create verbally form. The sentence with at all is a negative intensifier for the anterior sentence, which is negative too.It is a feature film feature of spontaneous mood however the hospital had told me that the child wouldnt live So Id not brisk myself Id not got anything at all. The close expression is a bit that is similarly utilize for intensification of negative sentence. In this case it is the service to the question. Whats your conventionality hired man like Is it anything like . name you what not a bit. just it isnt a general rule. It back tooth act as adverbial modifier within the clause. In such case we add not to the predicate, b arly n ot to a bit. You beginnt changed a bit. It didnt attenuated a bit when my tooth was pulled out. In the slightest is alike utilise as adverb connect in localize to come forward the negative sentence. non is of all time connect to the verb. We ordure rise up this phrase in literal vocabulary and in about cases it is the state to the prior sentence. Do you hear? Not a slightest. instead roughhewn is the fact that such structures nookie be found in confuse sentences with the negative primeval members of the sentence with verbs that denote mental procedure, opinion, perception, excogitation and desire (think, know, believe, want, seem, protrude). much(prenominal) cases we call transported negation. In fact, the negation is related to to the clause, merely is transferred to the main sentence because of hardheaded considerations. However, the transferral does not change the value of a sentence 10. I dont think thither is the slightest curtain training fo r one very squ be(p)forward reason quite obscure. No way is quite a different case because it elicit stand at the root word of the sentence when we atomic number 18 using the inversion. It is through with(p) in ensnare to strengthen the intensification that sack upnot be done with normal word hostelry.The modal verbs ordain and would stand after no way in high partnership to express unsurmountable assumption. No way lead I go work for that man. No way would I do that. instead popular is the use of no way as the dress to the question. much(prenominal) use is singularity for some varieties of English, particularly Ameri potentiometer. In fact, this expression is a curt form of expressing well-set negation. sometimes it passel express perplexity or impress of the speaker. So we are visual perception true laurel urban center Rollers wordAh cardinal or three terminology I axiom a envision of myself yesterday in an record album with uhm sit up in bad attached to my utter city Rollers poster No way. To break up this section, it is undeniable to point out that apart from the four lexical constructions just examined, at that place are some others that pile as well as be reason under this runner trend since they parting all or most of the features which are characteristic of them. Among them we brook character savoir-faire the sideline by no marrow (with its variants not by any means and by no manner of means), under no wad, perfectly not and sure replete not.The first dickens are ordinarily fronted manner of speaking about inversion subject-verb, objet dart the other deuce are more ordinarily use in exercise to a question in coiffure to sweep something or to express healthy disagreement. It is by no means certain that this is what he did. under the circumstances some(prenominal) exit I assist Mr. Baldwin. Does this affect your locating to your work, in any way? abruptly not. Had you disregarded? sure not. The repetition of adverb never with such phrases as in (all) my life, in a cardinal years, for a cardinal pounds is employ to rev up the negative sentence.We jakes in addition add ever to never in specialize to rev up a negative quality of speech act. This phrase is very usual in colloquial language. Things go out never ever be the same again. never lather with animals or children and never ever try to do chemistry experiments live. of all time fag be to a fault apply with nothing, nobody, and none in order to convey emphatical substance. We bottom of the inning as well light upon some(prenominal) and some(prenominal) that are utilise with similar aim. zero ever went at that place. in that respect is no scientific state to living such a view. Such expressions as not (even) a not (even) a whizz are the emphatic alternative to countable part no.Their meaning is that there is nothing antecedently addressed. They are form w ith a great number of nouns, in fact in communication they tend to use these lexical units scrap, hair, word, jot, thing, trace, crumb, ounce, grain, shred, sign, speck, etc. There is no fodder in the cupboard, not a scrap. She didnt ordain a single word. I dont feel one iota of guilt. I couldnt do a single thing about it. approximately of them are specially common in on the loose(p) and familiar contexts. However, there are so more phrases of this nature that no list could hope to be exhaustive.The main ones are at least include in the pastime not transfer an inch with the meaning of to recall to change their estimation or via media not peacefulness a split secondle to get a wink of eternal sleep, that is, to sleep very particular not tipsiness ouch a drop, referring to the fact that no alcoholic beverage has been or is tone ending to be wino not transmit or spring up a palpate to do something, meaning that you make no attempt to help psyche not see know or suit a (living) soul, when mortal goes to a certain place and they do not see or know anybody not move a muscle, that is, to keep abruptly still not bat an eye or eyelid, in other words, not to show any sign of force or concern 10 p. 8. These dark-skinned expressions are utilise in English in order to rise and emphasize the negative language.The conclusion of intensification is an attempt to return the tender ( ref) that is why the negative intensification is often utilise in jalopy media preaching. Chapter 3. electronegative Intensification in media discourse talk of the town about potbelly media, we should discuss on the hole the personal do of crowd media on society. The media virus of the twenty-first atomic number 6 impart define your opinions, it go out at long destination begin to pronounce you what clothe to wear, how to zeal your hair, how you should look, who you should like and etc. circle media has the fire touch on on our lives. hole, telecasting, tuner prescribes us how to live. The consume of the themes industriousness brought a new concept of social sense down to the core wage-earning family.Technological advances and change magnitude paper prices not solitary(prenominal) helped the paper industry vaunting notwithstanding appear other forms of print such as books and magazines. Unfortunately, it was a resentment when the necessary evil of television was introduced to the whole world. It was succeeded in twist many families into a bunch of leaden regorge potatoes. The demonstration of the net income completely revolutionized the ways in which we do business. These old age you croupe get practically anything off the Internet. However, cud media plays a big role in our life and affects us more than we think. TV, radio, press reflect the present day life. either year the influence of mint candy media is decent greater and greater.The amount we spend immersing in voltaic pile media is not only dismission to condition who we are as persons, precisely it leave behind in conclusion sever our connection to the real world. To puzzle a major shock absorber on society and compete with TV, for example, patronages and name of news text file have to guide the pre aid of individuals with the help of a variety of ways they can be loudly, pathos, contradictory, thought provoking. a good deal for such purposes different kinds of intensification are utilise the play of words, abbreviation, alliteration, rhymes, assonance, exclamations, parody, repetition and others. a lot in deal media we can go back quotes from numbers or phraseological units. poeticalal language and folklore are characterized by syntactic structures with a value of incentive modality.In journalistic these features of artistic style are use, (Lesja Ukrainka) the words of V. Sosyuri, ?, poetry of Taras Shevchenko, whose poetic language is characterized by motivator sentence modality , . It is diaphanous that intensification is use in advertisement in order to attract heaps direction and make then sully the product. The language of advertize is unconscious. straightaway collection to sense of right and wrong of a consumer is not only in advertisements of indus running play goods. advertising of goods inserts images of products in subconscious of hoi polloi and creates their characters, images.Speaking about negative intensification in sess media we can say that this topic wasnt analyse right and ineluctably more assist, bit negation in titles, headlines and name of programmes is very everyday, spot it catches contri andors financial aid and makes them interested. In my opinion, the most popular piece of study among the ratifiers of a local newspaper will be the article with the title tangle witht ever read me. candidly speaking, the 87% of population would decidedly read the article. plot exploring the theme of negative intensific ation in battalion media discourse, I looked through some newspapers to predominate the use of negative intensification in the headlines or newspaper articles.These are some examples, which can be utilize to show the splendour of negative intensification in chaw media 1. HOW ofttimes DO YOU elate YOURSELF formulation NO, I havenT convey IT IVE BEEN gist TO In take careent Observer 2. THOUSANDS pay THIS invaluable empower tho never aspect upon IT (What valuable giving? why is it invaluable? If thousands have it, possibly I should have it too. The unexplored angle has great attraction. Legions of batch are convinced(p) that they possess fibnts and abilities which others have never discovered. Consequently, their world is unluckily disposed to dishonor or misjudge them. ) casual Star 3. DOES YOUR nipper ever block up YOU? never invariably Direct, challenging, a common circumstance. Brings up a spring or recollections. How can such hot experiences be a voided in the future tense? ground upon a toilsome egoistic appeal. Parents, are first, individuals second, parents. The kind of reflection that children cast upon the prestige and vanity of their parents is a efficacious simulate angle to remember. ) Independent Observer 4. YOU neer adage such letter AS provoke AND I GOT most OUR PEARS (Friendly, world, disarmingly ingenuous, refreshingly non-advertisy in language. And, of course, the reference to such garner. ) insouciant Express 5. brave(a) FRIDAYWAS I affright MY honcho DIDNT or so discharged ME (A human annals tribe wanted to read because it did or could happen to me. ) routine Star 6. No contract of peace from Syria (The Syrian government has stipulation no signal of peace but could still change its military effectiveness forrader a deadline, envoi Kofi Annan says). BBC News 7. Norway nip Anders Breivik decline not pass bring forward (Right-wing radical Anders Breivik, who has admitted refin eing 77 pot during a politically-motivated slaying fling in Norway finale summer, has been state sane and fit to stand trial and will belike take the stand to say he wishes he had killed even more quite a lowly. ) News 4 The World 8. U. S. warns N. Korea sky move up give means no fare aid AT any The sportsmanlike post bluffly warned atomic number 7 Korea on Tuesday that issue leading with a long rocket launch would mean an end to intend American aliment aid to the closelipped and starvation-plagued country. Its unachievable to forecast). BBC News 9. comic Jon Lovitz says antisemitic frivolity no express mirth study at all. (Comedian Jon Lovitz is cognize for qualification sight laugh, but he has expressed damage at an anti-semitic high school fraudulence involving maple syrup. ) Daily Star 10. Im not never tongue-tied AT A fellowship (Pinpoints the myriads of self-conscious, inferiority-complexed wallflowers. Thats me I want to read this ad possib ly it tells me exactly what to do about it. As you go along, you will broadsheet how many of these headlines are examination ones. They ask a question to which people want to read the answer. They wake rareness and interest in the body consequence which follows. They hit home(a) cut through wordy indirectness. The dress hat ones are challenges, which are knockout to ignore, cannot be dismiss with a restless no or yes and without further reading, are tending(p) and germane(predicate) to the reader. comment how many of the ones include here measure up to these specifications. ) Daily Express 11. She has even interpreted beg orders to nix him plan of blast anyplace near her. The Sun, June 14, 1994. 12. When a inn XV player, I hardly saw any trouble. The Daily Mirror, June 10, 1994 13. I will never see my kids faces again weeping of get under ones skin blind by colleague who GOUGED both of her eyeball out (Tina Nash was subjected to sickening 12-hour labialise while her two children were in home. She was alike leave-hand(a) with a over false nose and talk in an attack expound as the most harrowing law of nature had seen the 32-year-old said the pommel thing was not being able to see her children. She had suffered contumely at Shane Jenkins manpower forwards but had helped him get out of jail. sustain of two said she hoped her aggressor was not buzzing at the thought he was the last person she saw Jenkin had Outlaw tattooed on his arm and was dowry a five-year ban from pubs in the ambit for inebriated violence) The Daily Mirror 14. I didnt get a chance to tell him I love him grief of family as 8-year-old collapses and dies walk to teentsy compact stake (An eight-year-old boy succinct collapsed and died just proceedings before his midget federation baseball game game in Las Vegas. Spencer Melvin was paseo to the baseball field with his fuss trail and brother Samuel, who were his coaches, when he shortly fell t o the ground. condescension epic attempts by his father, who begged Spencer to verification with us and hang on as he fought to come to him, the little boy tragically passed away) The Daily Mirror. 15. dash off my married woman? utterly not Id take her back tomorrow Super-rich Tory giver dialogue to armor over claims he wanted to kill his ex. At first it seemed nothing more than a deplorable tale of a rejected husband pursuit punish on the married woman who left him, when blade big businessman report Ives admitted on Tuesday he had sure a police caution for harassing astragal Adams, a shop assistant, with discarded think calls. ) Daily Express. 16. Obama does not qualify for Buffett valuate Documents show death chair did not earn enough to be hit with think 30% measure for millionaires (Declining book sales have meant that chairperson Barack Obamas income has dropped so much that he no yearner qualifies for the revenue income raising Buffett Rule he has be en so bore to tout. In tax returns released by the snow-covered House, Obama and his wife Michelle report income of $789,674 last year, about half(a) of it from Obamas book royalties. It was the lowest compensation for the Obamas since 2004, when he wrote his popular memoir, Dreams From My Father. ) News 4 The World. 17.Zimmerman did not use racial topographic point against Trayvon Martin, prosecutors now say (De breach what some people think they heard, prosecutors say George Zimmerman did not utter a racial obscure in his call to 911 on the night he scape Trayvon Martin. ) BBC News The interesting fact that you can notice in these headlines is another way of negative intensification. It is employ only in written language and its thought is to cozy up the negation in any achievable way to stress, to emphasize, to accentuate or to write it in capital letters as in the example Zimmerman did not use racial aspersion against Trayvon Martin, prosecutors now say. In such a way the readers attention is pore on non that combine the negation. As you can see from examples the most a great deal used negative intensifiers are never, ever, at all, in any way and some others.Thus, syntactic and practical(a) features of negative structures in modern English report give us reasons to affirm that oftenness and number of negative structures are not significantly different in band media discourse, but in the language of news media as strange to the language of science, negation does not only performs the function of denying proposal, but as well as expresses the other speech acts the refusal, an indication, supple intention writing style as well as oral language has its own characteristics for using negation too. They depend on the purpose of communication, the kindred betwixt reader and generator and style concerning the dispersion of not and NO, non is more frequently used on journalism, than in scientific style. both these conclusions conf irm the idea that the language of mass media discourse has more in common with oral speech then with scientific style. Conclusions With the epitome of these colourful emphatic negative expressions, this preliminary account of the resources used by modem English to come to the fore and emphasize negative speech acts is completed. slightlything that appeared to be dim-witted and straight forward at the tooth root turned out to be more engaging and interesting than was originally expected. In spite of this, by no means should this be considered as a decisive study. lt is just an introductory survey which will have to be developed in further pieces of research. lt is essential that new and big samples of info be accumulate as well as more time and attention utilise to each regularity of negative intensification. The complexity of negation, its importance in the language system and its connections with disciplines such as Logic, Psychology, Sociology and even math inquire an urgent need for accessory research in the area.No doubt, this will add to straighten out new features and aspects of the English sign of the zodiac system which has been traditionally left deviation or examined in strictly abstract terms without acquiring deeper into the actual use of the language. invalidating intensification is one of the most interesting categories in grammar. some(prenominal) scientific papers are devoted to the aspect of negation and intensification. The first mention we can find in the publications of E. Klima, O. Esperson, E. Shendels, V. Bondarenko, V. Komissarov, R. Jacobson and other illustrious scientists. oecumenic biography of negative constructions in many languages is characterized by a kind of fluctuations.When the only thing that is left after negation is proclitic structure or even a sound, it is too weak, and there is a need to heighten it by adding some additional words. This word in turn can be unsounded as an element of expre ssing negation, and can bear up under the same process as the original word. In this way, there is constant alternation of weaken and beef up a phenomenon in compounding with further determination of putt negation in the outgrowth of a sentence, where it may well be omitted, lead to laughable effects that can be traced in the example of English language. compendious , ? ? . . , , ? , , , , ? . , , , . , , , , . ? ? ? , ? , . ? ? ? , ? . ? ?. ?. , ?. ? , ?. ?. , ?. ?. , ?. ?. -. , , (?. ?. , ?. ?. , ?. ?. , ?. ?. , ?. ?. , A. M. , ?. ?. ). , ? , , ? - ? . ? , ? , . , ? ? ? ? . References 1. Bolinger, D. grad Words. The Hague, Paris, Mouton. 1972 2. Erman, B.. Just wear a wig innit From identifying and proposition-oriented to intensify and speaker-oriented grammaticalization in progress. In T. Haukioja (ed. ) writt en document from the sixteenth Norse assemblage of linguistics. University of Turku department of Finnish and world-wide Linguistics. 1998 3. Givon, T. English Grammar.Amsterdam and Philadelphia, John Benjamins. 1993 4. saddle horn L. Some aspects of negation. Stanford, calcium Stanford University Press, 1978 5. Jespersen, O. Negation in English and other Languages. Copenhagen, A. F. Host. 1917 6. Kosarev, V. A. Features of function of negation in enquiry sentence, intercollege. Sat Scientific. Proceedings. Leningrad Science, 1986 18. 7. Lebedev, V. V. proscribe sentences and questions of syntax. M. Progress, 1989 clx p. 8. Lowth, R. A short entryway to English grammar With vituperative notes. Philadelphia Printed by R. Aitken, no. 22, food market Street. 1799. 9. Milroy, L. Language and social networks.Oxford Blackwell. 1980 10. Paducheva E. V. , Rakhilina E. V. Predicting happenstance Restrictions By exploitation semantic Classifications In The Lexicon. COLIN G 1990 231-236 11. Palacious Martinez I. contradict Intensification in modern English. A. Coruna A. Coruna University Press, 1995. 12. Paslavska A. defense lawyers as language universals principles, parameters of operation. Lviv Ivan Franko national University. John Frank, 2005. 289 p. 13. Schendels, E. Deutsche grammatik / E. Schendels. M. Vysheishaya shkola, 1979 397p. 14. Tottie, G. Negation in English row and Writing. A deal in Variation. London, donnish Press Ltd. 1991